ARVs is manufactured by several companies and is used to treat HIV/AIDS. ## Compulsory licenses Compulsory licenses have been issued for ARVs in the following instance: ### Ivory Coast issued on June 01, 2004 [[Ivory Coast]]'s provisions on compulsory licences can be in the Bangui Agreement. Under the Bangui Agreement (OAPI), any person may request a non-voluntary (compulsory) licence under these circumstances: - Non-working or insufficient working – If the patented invention is not being worked in the territory of a member state; or – If its working does not satisfy demand for the protected product under reasonable terms. - Refusal to grant licences on reasonable terms – When the patent owner refuses to grant licences under reasonable commercial conditions, such refusal may unjustly and substantially prejudice the establishment or development of industrial or commercial activities in the country. - Dependent patent – If there is a later patent which cannot be worked without infringing rights under an earlier patent, and that later invention represents a substantial technical advance over the earlier one, the owner of the later patent may obtain a non-voluntary licence to the extent necessary to exploit his invention. - Ex officio (government / public interest) licences – For inventions of vital importance to national defence, public health, or the national economy, licences may be granted by the State, sometimes even allowing importation if domestic working is insufficient or supply not feasible under reasonable terms. More information can be found [here](https://oapi.int/en/legal-framework/bangui-agreement/). ### Thailand issued on August 01, 2012 [[Thailand]]'s provisions on compulsory licences can be in the Patent Act B.E. 2522 (1979). There are four main grounds for issuing a compulsory licence: - Non-working / inadequate “working” Patent not locally produced or imported, or sold at unreasonably high price relative to domestic demand. - Dependent patents Use of a later patent requiring the earlier patent’s invention. - Public non-commercial/government use For public health, environmental conservation, food/medicine shortages, etc. - National emergency / public interest Covers war, epidemics (e.g., HIV/AIDS, SARS, bird flu), national emergencies. More information can be found [here](https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/3807 ). ### Ivory Coast issued on November 01, 2007 [[Ivory Coast]]'s provisions on compulsory licences can be in the Bangui Agreement. Under the Bangui Agreement (OAPI), any person may request a non-voluntary (compulsory) licence under these circumstances: - Non-working or insufficient working – If the patented invention is not being worked in the territory of a member state; or – If its working does not satisfy demand for the protected product under reasonable terms. - Refusal to grant licences on reasonable terms – When the patent owner refuses to grant licences under reasonable commercial conditions, such refusal may unjustly and substantially prejudice the establishment or development of industrial or commercial activities in the country. - Dependent patent – If there is a later patent which cannot be worked without infringing rights under an earlier patent, and that later invention represents a substantial technical advance over the earlier one, the owner of the later patent may obtain a non-voluntary licence to the extent necessary to exploit his invention. - Ex officio (government / public interest) licences – For inventions of vital importance to national defence, public health, or the national economy, licences may be granted by the State, sometimes even allowing importation if domestic working is insufficient or supply not feasible under reasonable terms. More information can be found [here](https://oapi.int/en/legal-framework/bangui-agreement/). ### Albania issued on April 01, 2004 [[Albania]]'s provisions on compulsory licences can be in Law No. 9947 of 7 July 2008 on Industrial Property. As a rule, the competent authority to grant a compulsory licence is the Tirana district court. An interested person may file a request to the Tirana district court to obtain a compulsory licence. More information can be found [here](https://e-courses.epo.org/wbts_int/CompulsoryLicensing/CL_AL.pdf). ### Gambia issued on November 01, 2004 [[Gambia]]'s provisions on compulsory licences can be in the Industrial Property Act, 1989. A compulsory licence may be issued on the following grounds: - Non-working or insufficient working If the patent is not being worked (i.e., not being utilised/manufactured) in The Gambia or is not meeting domestic demand. - Refusal to grant licences on reasonable terms The applicant must have asked for a licence from the patent holder under reasonable terms, and been unable to obtain one. This is a prerequisite. - Products / processes declared as of vital importance The law allows the government (or Tribunal) to issue compulsory licences for patents covering inventions (products or processes) which are declared to be of “vital importance” to public interest / public health / economy etc. The opportunity to request a licence for such inventions may be available “at any time after the grant of the patent.” More information can be found [here](https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/9366 ). ## Other products issued by the same manufacturer [[ARVs]] [[HCV medicines]] [[All medicines]] [[ARVs +]] [[Generics]] [[DDI, IDV, LPV/r]] [[IDV, LPV/r, NVP, TDF]] [[3TC, D4T, AZT, NVP, EFV, TDF, DDI, LPV/r, SQV, RTV, NFV, ABC]] [[3TC, 3TC/AZT, 3TC/AZT/NVP, 3TC/D4T, 3TC/D4T/NVP, DDI, EFV, IDV]] [[ABC, DDI, EFV, EFV/FTC/TDF, LPV/r, TDF, FTC/TDF]] [[DAAs]] ## Other products for the same disease [[All medicines]] [[EFV]] [[Dolutegravir]] [[3TC/D4T/NVP]] [[NFV]] [[EFV/FTC/TDF, 3TC/AZT/EFV]] [[RTV]] [[NVP, 3TC, 3TC/AZT]] [[ARVs +]] [[AZT]] [[T-20]] [[DDI, IDV, LPV/r]] [[3TC/AZT/NVP]] [[LPV/r]] [[IDV, LPV/r, NVP, TDF]] [[AZT, 3TC, D4T, NVP, 3TC/AZT]] [[NVP, AZT]] [[3TC/AZT]] [[3TC, D4T, AZT, NVP, EFV, TDF, DDI, LPV/r, SQV, RTV, NFV, ABC]] [[ATV]] [[NVP]] [[ABC/3TC]] [[3TC]] [[3TC, NVP, AZT]] [[NVP, 3TC]] [[3TC, 3TC/AZT, 3TC/AZT/NVP, 3TC/D4T, 3TC/D4T/NVP, DDI, EFV, IDV]] [[AZT, 3TC, AZT/3TC, NVP]] [[RAL]] [[EFV, NVP, 3TC/AZT]] [[3TC/D4T/NVP, LPV/r]] [[TDF/3TC]] [[AZT, 3TC+AZT]]