<img src="https://publish-01.obsidian.md/access/744ac39d33cabbc297b91373bfcac24d/bin/images/Japan_map.png" alt="Japan" class="page-header-sidebar-image"> Japan has provisions in its legislation relating to the granting of compulsory licences. These can be found in the Patent Act. - Non-working / insufficient working - Under Article 83: where a patented invention has not been appropriately worked in Japan for three years or more after the grant (or four years from filing, whichever is later) AND a person intending to work the invention has been unable to obtain a voluntary licence on reasonable terms. - Dependent (later) patent / dependency situation - Under Article 92: where a later invention cannot be worked without infringing an earlier patent (the “dominant” patent), and the later invention represents a substantial technical advance of considerable economic significance, the owner of the later patent may request a compulsory non-exclusive licence under the earlier patent, under prescribed arbitration/consultation procedures. - Public interest / national interest / public health necessity - Under Article 93: where the working of the patented invention is particularly necessary for the public interest, a person may request a non-exclusive licence by arbitration to the Minister of Economy, Trade & Industry (METI) if voluntary licence negotiations fail. More information can be found [here](https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4097 ). ## Generic manufacturers Japan has its own generic manufacturer: [NIHON GENERIC Co., Ltd.](https://www.nihon-generic.co.jp/en/ ).